Health 101

  HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV): HPV is a group of viruses that can infect humans. It mostly affects the skin and mucous membranes, like those in the genitals and mouth. There are many different types of HPV, and some of them can lead to serious health issues. HOW HPV SPREADS: HPV is mainly spread through sexual contact, like having vaginal, anal, or oral sex. However, it can also be passed on through close physical contact or sharing personal items with someone who has the virus. It is important to know that you can get HPV even if you do not see any symptoms or sores. DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HPV: Genital Warts: Some types of HPV can cause warts in the genital area. These growths are not cancerous, but they can be uncomfortable and make you feel worried or embarrassed. Cervical Cancer: Certain types of HPV can increase the risk of cervical cancer in women. If left untreated, these infections can lead to the development of precancerous cells in the cervix, which can eventuall

Tetanus Cellulitis Cause Clostridium Tetani bacteria Bacterial infection (various bacteria) Transmission Enter through wounds Enter through broken skin or wounds Source Commonly found in soil and manure Bacteria already present on the skin Contagious Not transmitted from person to person Not transmitted from person to person Symptoms Difficulty swallowing, muscle spasms, "Lockjaw"  Swelling, redness, pain, fever, pus discharge Treatment Cleaning of the wound, antibiotics, muscle spasm control Antibiotics, warm compress, rest, elevation Prevention Tetanus vaccination Good hygiene, proper wound care Complications Muscle stiffness, respiratory problems, seizures Amputation, shock, serious infections if untreated

  INTRODUCTION Cellulitis is a skin infection that results from any type of injury to the skin. This injury may be from a wound, prick, or surgery. The bacteria enter the body where there is no skin or skin has been broken. The causative bacteria is usually present on the skin which does not cause any harm, once it enters the bloodstream, that is when it causes the infections. MODE OF TRANSMISSION When bacteria enter the body either through: Cut wound Prick wound Animal bite Human bite Underwater accidents SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Swelling Redness Pain on the site Fever Weakness There might be puss discharge Bruising Warm skin on the region Chills Headache Symptoms may present as a skin condition. Kindly visit a hospital for diagnosis and treatment. HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED A blood sample is collected to confirm the type of bacteria that is present. TREATMENT Treatment includes oral antibiotics for mild to moderate cel

Tetanus This is a disease caused by a bacteria called Clostridium Tetani. It enters the body through a cut wound. Once in the body, it produces a toxin that causes vigorous muscle contractions or Jacky movements. For this reason, it is also referred to as Lockjaw disease. It causes the muscles of the neck and jaw to lock making it difficult to swallow or open their mouths. Mode of transmission Tetanus bacteria are commonly found in the soil and in manure. They multiply once they enter a human's body. Tetanus can not be spread from one person to another, unlike other vaccine-preventable diseases. Common ways the bacteria can get into the body 1. Contaminated wounds (rust, dirt, feces, saliva) 2. Puncture wound (nail, needle) 3. Crush injury  4. Wound with dead tissue Signs and symptoms - Difficulty swallowing - Jaw cramping and inability to open mouth - Muscle  spasms  in the back, abdomen, hands, and legs. - Headache - Fever and sweating - Seizures Tre

  The intrauterine device (IUD), commonly referred to as the coil, is carefully inserted into the uterus through the vagina. It's important to acknowledge that there is a possibility of the IUD becoming dislodged and eventually falling out. However, it's crucial to note that the only path for the IUD to exit is the same way it entered, through the cervix and ultimately the vagina. There are no other escape routes for the device. To ensure the ongoing effectiveness of the IUD; 1. It is recommended that the client schedule a follow-up appointment after two weeks of insertion, as well as subsequent appointments as advised by their healthcare provider. 2. Additionally, having an ultrasound performed two weeks after insertion is advised to verify the correct positioning of the IUD. 3. To further safeguard against unintended IUD loss, it is advisable for the client to diligently check their sanitary towels when changing them. These measures collectively aim to prevent any accidental

The progestin-only pill, also known as the mini-pill, is a form of hormonal birth control that contains only progestin, a synthetic hormone similar to the naturally occurring hormone progesterone. Unlike the combined oral contraceptive pill , which contains both estrogen and progestin, the progestin-only pill solely relies on progestin to prevent pregnancy. Who Can Use: The progestin-only pill is a suitable option for various individuals, including: Breastfeeding mothers: The progestin-only pill is safe for use during breastfeeding, as it does not affect milk supply. Women who cannot take estrogen: Since the progestin-only pill does not contain estrogen, it is an alternative for individuals who have contraindications to estrogen-based contraceptives. Women at risk of blood clots: Compared to combined hormonal contraceptives, the progestin-only pill carries a lower risk of blood clot formation, making it a safer choice for individuals with a higher risk of blood clots. Smokers and indiv

  The combined oral contraceptive pill, commonly known as Chaguo Langu or Femiplan, is a birth control method that involves taking a pill daily to prevent pregnancy. It contains two types of hormones, estrogen, and progestin, which work together to inhibit the release of eggs from the ovaries and alter the cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach the egg. Efficiency: The contraceptive pill is over 99% effective when used correctly. Ideally, it is taken one tablet per day for 21 days. Then take a break for seven days when your period should start and end. Then, start another pack after the seven days are over. Some packs come with seven ferrous tablets whose purpose is to replenish blood components lost when your period comes. Criteria to Use: Chaguo Langu/Femiplan is generally suitable for most women, but it is important to consider certain criteria before starting this contraceptive method. It is recommended for women who: 1. Are in good overall health and not currently pr

  Burns are common injuries that can occur due to exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. They vary in severity and understanding their classification is important. In this article, we will explore the definition of burns and delve into their classification to help you better understand these injuries. Definition of Burns: Burns happen when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged. They can range from minor injuries that affect only the outer layer of the skin (superficial burns) to more severe injuries that penetrate deeper into the tissues (deep burns). Classification of Burns: To assess the severity of a burn, healthcare professionals use a classification system known as the "degree of burns." This system categorizes burns into three main types: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burns. Let's explore each of them: First-Degree Burns: First-degree burns are the mildest type. They only affect the top layer of the skin (epidermis). Common cau

The Copper T IUCD is a small plastic and copper device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It works by releasing copper, which makes it difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg. The Copper T is a long-acting reversible contraceptive method that can stay in place for several years, providing ongoing protection against pregnancy. In terms of efficiency, the Copper T IUCD is highly effective with a failure rate of less than 1% when used correctly. This means that out of 100 women using the Copper T as their primary birth control method for a year, less than one woman is expected to become pregnant. However, the effectiveness may vary slightly depending on proper insertion and adherence to usage guidelines. To use the Copper T IUCD, a healthcare professional inserts it into the uterus during a regular office visit. The procedure involves a consultation to discuss its suitability and any concerns, followed by the insertion of the device using a specialized inserter. A follow-up ap